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The Pfalz D.III was a fighter aircraft used by the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' (Imperial German Air Service) during the First World War. The D.III was the first major original design from Pfalz Flugzeugwerke. Though generally considered inferior to contemporary Albatros and Fokker fighters, the D.III was widely used by the ''Jagdstaffeln'' from late 1917 to mid-1918. It continued to serve as a training aircraft until the end of the war. ==Design and development== Prior to World War I, Pfalz Flugzeugwerke produced Morane-Saulnier monoplane designs under license.〔Herris 2001, p. 10.〕 These aircraft entered military service as the Pfalz A- and E-series. In September 1916, Pfalz began producing the first of 20 Roland D.I and 200 Roland D.II fighters under license.〔Herris 2001, pp. 27-28.〕 In November 1916, Pfalz hired Rudolph Gehringer from Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen GmbH.〔VanWyngarden 2006, p. 18.〕 As Pfalz’s new chief engineer, Gehringer immediately commenced work on an original fighter design. The resulting D.III emerged in April 1917. Like the Rolands, the D.III used a plywood monocoque fuselage. Two layers of thin plywood strips were placed over a mold to form one half of a fuselage shell.〔Herris 2001, p. 30.〕 The fuselage halves were then glued together, covered with a layer of fabric, and doped. This ''Wickelrumpf'' method gave the fuselage great strength, light weight, and smooth contours compared to conventional construction techniques.〔Herris 2001, p. 30.〕 However, it also proved to be more labor-intensive and expensive. Furthermore, fuselages of the ''Wickelrumpf'' type proved to be liable to twisting or warping in service, affecting performance as well as causing control problems. This has been attributed to moisture absorption in damp front-line conditions〔Herris 2001, pp. 61-62.〕 or to the use of insufficiently seasoned wood. The wings were of conventional construction, with a flush Teves und Braun radiator offset to the right side of the upper wing. The ailerons were wooden, rather than the more usual steel tube construction.〔Gray and Thetford 1962, p. 188.〕 The horizontal stabilizer had an inverted airfoil section, which facilitated dive recovery and permitted the use of an unbalanced elevator.〔 ''Idflieg'' found the prototype promising. It directed Pfalz to halt production of the Roland D.III and to complete the balance of the contract, 70 aircraft, to the new design.〔 After a ''Typenprüfung'' (type test) at Adlershof in May, the ''Idflieg'' ordered various modifications, including an enlarged rudder and horn-balanced ailerons.〔VanWyngarden 2006, p. 19.〕 In June 1917, Pfalz received a second order for 300 aircraft.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pfalz D.III」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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